Swear-SexualHarassment

People usually learn how to swear since they were teenagers. They pick up swear words when talking with other same-age teenagers or watching strong-language films, such as in gangster or action ones. In the beginning, they are not aware of what they are saying, they just want to be cool in front of other boys or prove themselves to be mature by acting like adults. As a consequence, they get used to swear words in their daily speaking as a habit.
By swearing, people can express their feeling, mostly angry and unhappy, emphasize their message or attract the attention from others, even in some circumstances scare or show their superiority over others. In most cases, we’d better avoid using swear words. We just can use them when we know for sure that it will not hurt other people, usually between close friends. Swearing is considered rude by a lot of people, so swearing in public should be very careful.
The people working outdoor, such as truck drivers, miners, porters, tend to use strong language more than indoor workers as a way to release the pressure of their heavy work. In contrast, because they usually have to contact with customers and their colleagues are mostly highly educated, the indoor workers, such as waiters/waitresses, secretaries and developers , talk more tenderly.
The parent should forbid their children from swearing because they are too young to aware of its bad effects. Swearing in front of elders shows no respect to them and not to be educated as well.


The relationship between men and women is already complicated, there is no and will never be a clear rule or definition for sexual harassment. However the sexual harassment can be understood as a sex-related action takes advantage of the opposite sex person without his or her permission. The women are mostly victims of sexual harassment. If a woman feels ashamed by our verbal language or our physical contact, she can consider it a kind of sexual harassment and we will get blamed about doing so. Sometimes telling a joke or praising the woman’s beauty will be thought that we are implying a bad motivation or drive.
In the West, people treat sexual harassment much more serious than in the Orient. Any woman can sue you if she thinks you are trying to harass her sexually and the authorities tend to protect them, so the investigation will probably take place. This usually takes time and maybe affects badly to your reputation. In contrast, the Oriental women receives less protection from society, family and her colleagues on these sexual-related issues, so they should themselves from involving in these situations. They are usually victims caused by their colleagues and especially by their bosses, however they often have to stand for it to avoid consequent problems such as losing job and face when it is known by other people.
With Vietnamese culture, telling “rated-R” jokes, talking about sex or touching an opposite sex person should restrict as less as possible and be careful that it may easily hurt sensitive people. But sometimes, it makes a lot of fun and more friendly between men and women at some degree of sexual harassment as long as they don’t feel being taken advantage of.

Unit 10 Short answers

Main points

  • A short answer uses an auxiliary, a modal, or the main verb `be'.
  • A short answer can be in the form of a statement or a question.

1 Short answers are very common in spoken English. For example, when someone asks you a `yes/no'-question, you can give a short answer by using a pronoun with an auxiliary, modal, or the main verb `be'. You usually put `yes' or `no' before the short answer.

  • `Does she still want to come?' - `Yes, she does.'
  • `Can you imagine what it might feel like?' - `No, I can't.'
  • `Are you married?' - `I am.'

Note that a short answer such as `Yes, I will' is more polite or friendly than just `Yes', or than repeating all the words used in the question. People often repeat all the words used in the question when they feel angry or impatient.

  • `Will you have finished by lunchtime?' - `Yes, I will have finished by lunchtime.'

2 You can also use short answers to agree or disagree with what someone says.

  • `You don't like Joan?' - `No, I don't.'
  • `I'm not coming with you.' - `Yes, you are.'

If the statement that you are commenting on does not contain an auxiliary, modal, or the main verb `be', you use a form of `do' in the short answer.

  • `He never comes on time.' - `Oh yes he does.'

3 You often reply to what has been said by using a short question.

  • `He's not in Japan now.' - `Oh, isn't he?'
  • `He gets free meals.' - `Does he?'

Note that questions like these are not always asked to get information, but are often used to express your reaction to what has been said, for example to show interest or surprise.

  • `Dad doesn't help me at all.' - `Doesn't he? Why not?'
  • `Penny has been climbing before.' - `Oh, has she? When was that?'

4 If you want to show that you definitely agree with a positive statement that someone has just made, you can use a negative short question.

  • `Well, that was very nice.' - `Yes, wasn't it?'

5 When you want to ask for more information, you can use a `wh'-word on its own or with a noun as a short answer.

  • `He saw a snake.' - `Where?'
  • `He knew my cousin.' - `Which cousin?'

You can also use `Which one' and `Which ones'.

  • `Can you pass me the cup?' - `Which one?'

6 Sometimes a statement about one person also applies to another person. When this is the case, you can use a short answer with `so' for positive statements, and with `neither' or `nor' for negative statements, using the same verb that was used in the statement.

You use `so', `neither', or `nor' with an auxiliary, modal, or the main verb `be'. The verb comes before the subject.

  • `You were different then.' - `So were you.'
  • `I don't normally drink at lunch.' - `Neither do I.'
  • `I can't do it.' - `Nor can I.'

You can use `not either' instead of `neither', in which case the verb comes after the subject.

  • `He doesn't understand.' - `We don't either.'

7 You often use `so' in short answers after verbs such as `think', `hope', `expect', `imagine', and `suppose', when you think that the answer to the question is `yes'.

  • `You'll be home at six?' - `I hope so.'
  • `So it was worth doing?' - `I suppose so.'

You use `I'm afraid so' when you are sorry that the answer is `yes'.

  • `Is it raining?' - `I'm afraid so.'

With `suppose', `think', `imagine', or `expect' in short answers, you also form negatives with `so'.

  • `Will I see you again?' - `I don't suppose so.'
  • `Is Barry Knight a golfer?' - `No, I don't think so.'

However, you say `I hope not' and `I'm afraid not'.

  • `It isn't empty, is it?' - `I hope not.'

Unit 8 Question tags: uses

Main points

  • You can use negative statements with positive question tags to make requests.
  • You use positive statements with positive question tags to show reactions.
  • You use some question tags to make imperatives more polite.

1 You can use a negative statement and a positive question tag to ask people for things, or to ask for help or information.

  • You wouldn't sell it to me, would you?
  • You won't tell anyone else this, will you?

2 When you want to show your reaction to what someone has just said, for example by expressing interest, surprise, doubt, or anger, you use a positive statement with a positive question tag.

  • You've been to North America before, have you?
  • You fell on your back, did you?
  • I borrowed your car last night. - Oh, you did, did you?

3 When you use an imperative, you can be more polite by adding one of the following question tags.

will you; won't you; would you

  • See that she gets safely back, won't you?
  • Look at that, would you?

When you use a negative imperative, you can only use `will you' as a question tag.

  • Don't tell Howard, will you?

`Will you' and `won't you' can also be used to emphasize anger or impatience. `Can't you' is also used in this way.

  • Oh, hurry up, will you!
  • For goodness sake be quiet, can't you!

4 You use the question tag `shall we' when you make a suggestion using `let's'.

  • Let's forget it, shall we?

You use the question tag `shall I' after `I'll'.

  • I'll tell you, shall I?

5 You use `they' in question tags after `anybody', `anyone', `everybody', `everyone', `nobody', `no one', `somebody' or `someone'.

  • Everyone will be leaving on Friday, won't they?
  • Nobody had bothered to plant new ones, had they?

You use `it' in question tags after `anything', `everything', `nothing', or `something'.

  • Nothing matters now, does it?
  • Something should be done, shouldn't it?

You use `there' in question tags after `there is', `there are', `there was', or `there were'.

  • There's a new course out now, isn't there?

6 When you are replying to a question tag, your answer refers to the statement, not the question tag.

If you want to confirm a positive statement, you say `yes'. For example, if you have finished a piece of work and someone says to you `You've finished that, haven't you?', the answer is `yes'.

  • `It became stronger, didn't it?' - `Yes, it did.'

If you want to disagree with a positive statement, you say `no'. For example, if you have not finished your work and someone says `You've finished that, haven't you?', the answer is `no'.

  • You've just seen a performance of the play, haven't you? - No, not yet.

If you want to confirm a negative statement, you say `no'. For example, if you have not finished your work and someone says `You haven't finished that, have you?', the answer is `no'.

  • `You didn't know that, did you?' - `No.'

If you want to disagree with a negative statement, you say `yes'. For example, if you have finished a piece of work and someone says `You haven't finished that, have you?', the answer is `yes'.

  • `You haven't been there, have you?' - `Yes, I have.'

Students Grammar

  • Còn tiếp...

Unit 6 'Wh'-questions

Main points
  • You use `who', `whom', and `whose' to ask about people, and `which' to ask about people or things.
  • You use `what' to ask about things, and `what for' to ask about reasons and purposes.
  • You use `how' to ask about the way something happens.
  • You use `when' to ask about times, `why' to ask about reasons, and `where' to ask about places and directions.

1 You use `who', `whom', or `whose' in questions about people. `Who' is used to ask questions about the subject or object of the verb, or about the object of a preposition.

  • Who discovered this?
  • Who did he marry?
  • Who did you dance with?

In formal English, `whom' is used as the object of a verb or preposition. The preposition always comes in front of `whom'.

  • Whom did you see?
  • For whom were they supposed to do it?

You use `whose' to ask which person something belongs to or is related to. `Whose' can be the subject or the object.

  • Whose is nearer?
  • Whose did you prefer, hers or mine?

2 You use `which' to ask about one person or thing, out of a number of people or things. `Which' can be the subject or object.

  • Which is your son?
  • Which does she want?

3 You use `what' to ask about things, for example about actions and events. `What' can be the subject or object.

  • What has happened to him?
  • What is he selling?
  • What will you talk about?

You use `what...for' to ask about the reason for an action, or the purpose of an object.

  • What are you going there for?
  • What are those lights for?

4 You use `how' to ask about the way in which something happens or is done.

  • How did you know we were coming?
  • How are you going to get home?

You also use `how' to ask about the way a person or thing feels or looks.

  • `How are you?' - `Well, how do I look?'

5 `How' is also used:

* with adjectives to ask about the degree of quality that someone or something has

  • How good are you at Maths?
  • How hot shall I make the curry?

* with adjectives such as `big', `old', and `far' to ask about size, age, and distance

  • How old are your children?
  • How far is it to Montreal from here?

Note that you do not normally use `How small', `How young', or `How near'.

* with adverbs such as `long' and `often' to ask about time, or `well' to ask about abilities

  • How long have you lived here?
  • How well can you read?

* with `many' and `much' to ask about the number or amount of something

  • How many were there?
  • How much did he tell you?

6 You use `when' to ask about points in time or periods of time, `why' to ask about the reason for an action, and `where' to ask about place and direction.

  • When are you coming home?
  • When were you in London?
  • Why are you here?
  • Where is the station?
  • Where are you going?

You can also ask about direction using `which direction...in' or `which way'.

  • Which direction did he go in?
  • Which way did he go?

Unit 5 Questions

Main points
  • In most questions the first verb comes before the subject.
  • 'Yes/no'-questions begin with an auxiliary or a modal.
  • 'Wh'-questions begin with a 'wh'-word.

1 Questions which can be answered `yes' or `no' are called `yes/no'-questions.

  • `Are you ready?' - `Yes.'
  • `Have you read this magazine?' - `No.'

If the verb group has more than one word, the first word comes at the beginning of the sentence, before the subject. The rest of the verb group comes after the subject.

  • Is he coming?
  • Can John swim?
  • Will you have finished by lunchtime?
  • Couldn't you have been a bit quieter?
  • Has he been working?

2 If the verb group consists of only a main verb, you use the auxiliary `do', `does', or `did' at the beginning of the sentence, before the subject. After the subject you use the base form of the verb.

  • Do the British take sport seriously?
  • Does that sound like anyone you know?
  • Did he go to the fair?

Note that when the main verb is `do', you still have to add `do', `does', or `did' before the subject.

  • Do they do the work themselves?
  • Did you do an `O' Level in German?

3 If the main verb is `have', you usually put `do', `does', or `did' before the subject.

  • Does anyone have a question?
  • Did you have a good flight?

When `have' means `own' or `possess', you can put it before the subject, without using `do', `does', or `did', but this is less common.

  • Has he any idea what it's like?

4 If the main verb is the present simple or past simple of `be', you put the verb at the beginning of the sentence, before the subject.

  • Are you ready?
  • Was it lonely without us?

5 When you want someone to give you more information than just `yes' or `no', you ask a `wh'-question, which begins with a `wh'-word:

  • what where who whose
  • when which whom why how

Note that `whom' is only used in formal English.

6 When a `wh'-word is the subject of a question, the `wh'-word comes first, then the verb group. You do not add `do', `does', or `did' as an auxiliary.

  • What happened?
  • Which is the best restaurant?
  • Who could have done it?

7 When a `wh'-word is the object of a verb or preposition, the `wh'-word comes first, then you follow the rules for `yes/no'-questions, adding `do', `does', or `did' where necessary.

  • How many are there?
  • Which do you like best?

If there is a preposition, it comes at the end. However, you always put the preposition before `whom'.

  • What's this for?
  • With whom were you talking?

Note that you follow the same rules as for `wh'-words as objects when the question begins with `when', `where', `why', or `how'.

  • When would you be coming down?
  • Why did you do it?
  • Where did you get that from?

8 You can also use `what', `which', `whose', `how many', and `how much' with a noun.

  • Whose idea was it?
  • How much money have we got in the bank?

You can use `which', `how many', and `how much' with `of' and a noun group.

  • Which of the suggested answers was the correct one?
  • How many of them bothered to come?

See Unit 6 for more information on `wh'-words.

Unit 4 The imperative and "let"

Main points
  • The imperative is the same as the base form of a verb.
  • You form a negative imperative with `do not', `don't', or `never'.
  • You use the imperative to ask or tell someone to do something, or to give advice, warnings, or instructions on how to do something.
  • You use `let' when you are offering to do something, making suggestions, or telling someone to do something.

1 The imperative is the same as the base form of a verb. You do not use a pronoun in front of it.

  • Come to my place.
  • Start when you hear the bell.

2 You form a negative imperative by putting `do not', `don't', or `never' in front of the verb.

  • Do not write in this book.
  • Don't go so fast.
  • Never open the front door to strangers.

3 You use the imperative when you are:

* asking or telling someone to do something

  • Pass the salt.
  • Hurry up!

* giving someone advice or a warning

  • Mind your head.
  • Take care!

* giving someone instructions on how to do something

  • Put this bit over here, so it fits into that hole.
  • Turn right off Broadway into Caxton Street.

4 When you want to make an imperative more polite or more emphatic, you can put `do' in front of it.

  • Do have a chocolate biscuit.
  • Do stop crying.
  • Do be careful.

5 The imperative is also used in written instructions on how to do something, for example on notices and packets of food, and in books.

  • To report faults, dial 6666.
  • Store in a dry place.
  • Fry the chopped onion and pepper in the oil.

Note that written instructions usually have to be short. This means that words such as `the' are often omitted.

  • Wear rubber gloves. Turn off switch. Wipe bulb.

Written imperatives are also used to give warnings.

  • Reduce speed now.

6 You use `let me' followed by the base form of a verb when you are offering to do something for someone.

  • Let me take your coat.
  • Let me give you a few details.

7 You use `let's' followed by the base form of a verb when you are suggesting what you and someone else should do.

  • Let's go outside.
  • Let's look at our map.

Note that the form `let us' is only used in formal or written English.

  • Let us consider a very simple example.

You put `do' before `let's' when you are very keen to do something.

  • Do let's get a taxi.

The negative of `let's' is `let's not' or `don't let's'.

  • Let's not talk about that.
  • Don't let's actually write it in the book.

8 You use `let' followed by a noun group and the base form of a verb when you are telling someone to do something or to allow someone else to do it.

  • Let me see it.
  • Let Philip have a look at it.

Unit 3 The verb group

Main points

  • In a clause, the verb group usually comes after the subject and always has a main verb.
  • The main verb has several different forms.
  • Verb groups can also include one or two auxiliaries, or a modal, or a modal and one or two auxiliaries.
  • The verb group changes in negative clauses and questions.
  • Some verb groups are followed by an adverbial, a complement, an object, or two objects.

1 The verb group in a clause is used to say what is happening in an action or situation. You usually put the verb group immediately after the subject. The verb group always includes a main verb.

  • I waited.
  • They killed the elephants.

2 Regular verbs have four forms: the base form, the third person singular form of the present simple, the `-ing' form or present participle, and the `-ed' form used for the past simple and for the past participle.

  • ask* asks* asking* asked
  • dance* dances* dancing* danced
  • reach* reaches* reaching* reached
  • try* tries* trying* tried
  • dip* dips* dipping* dipped

Irregular verbs may have three forms, four forms, or five forms. Note that `be' has eight forms.

  • cost* costs* costing
  • think* thinks* thinking* thought
  • swim* swims* swimming* swam* swum
  • be* am/is/are* being* was/were* been

See the Appendix for details of verb forms.

3 The main verb can have one or two auxiliaries in front of it.

  • I had met him in Zermatt.
  • The car was being repaired.

The main verb can have a modal in front of it.

  • You can go now.
  • I would like to ask you a question.

The main verb can have a modal and one or two auxiliaries in front of it.

  • I could have spent the whole year on it.
  • She would have been delighted to see you.

4 In negative clauses, you have to use a modal or auxiliary and put `not' after the first word of the verb group.

  • He does not speak English very well.
  • I was not smiling.
  • It could not have been wrong.

Note that you often use short forms rather than `not'.

  • I didn't know that.
  • He couldn't see it.

5 In `yes/no' questions, you have to put an auxiliary or modal first, then the subject, then the rest of the verb group.

  • Did you meet George?
  • Couldn't you have been a bit quieter?

In `wh'-questions, you put the `wh'-word first. If the `wh'-word is the subject, you put the verb group next.

  • Which came first?
  • Who could have done it?

If the `wh'-word is the object or an adverbial, you must use an auxiliary or modal next, then the subject, then the rest of the verb group.

  • What did you do?
  • Where could she be going?

6 Some verb groups have an object or two objects after them.

See Units 72 and 73.

  • He closed the door.
  • She sends you her love.

Verb groups involving link verbs, such as `be', have a complement after them.

See Unit 80.

  • They were sailors.
  • She felt happy.

Some verb groups have an adverbial after them.

  • We walked through the park.
  • She put the letter on the table.

Unit 2 The noun group

Main points
  • Noun groups can be the subject, object, or complement of a verb, or the object of a preposition.
  • Noun groups can be nouns on their own, but often include other words such as determiners, numbers, and adjectives.
  • Noun groups can also be pronouns.
  • Singular noun groups take singular verbs, plural noun groups take plural verbs.
1 Noun groups are used to say which people or things you are talking about. They can be the subject or object of a verb.
  • Strawberries are very expensive now.
  • Keith likes strawberries.
A noun group can also be the complement of a link verb such as `be', `become', `feel', or `seem'.
  • She became champion in 1964.
  • He seemed a nice man.
A noun group can be used after a preposition, and is often called the object of the preposition.
  • I saw him in town.
  • She was very ill for six months.
2 A noun group can be a noun on its own, but it often includes other words. A noun group can have a determiner such as `the' or `a'. You put determiners at the beginning of the noun group.
  • The girls were not in the house.
  • He was eating an apple.
3 A noun group can include an adjective. You usually put the adjective in front of the noun.
  • He was using blue ink.
  • I like living in a big city.
Sometimes you can use another noun in front of the noun.
  • I like chocolate cake.
  • She wanted a job in the oil industry.
A noun with 's (apostrophe s) is used in front of another noun to show who or what something belongs to or is connected with.
  • I held Sheila's hand very tightly.
  • He pressed a button on the ship's radio.
4 A noun group can also have an adverbial, a relative clause, or a `to'-infinitive clause after it, which makes it more precise.
  • I spoke to a girl in a dark grey dress.
  • She wrote to the man who employed me.
  • I was trying to think of a way to stop him.
A common adverbial used after a noun is a prepositional phrase beginning with `of'.
  • He tied the rope to a large block of stone.
  • The front door of the house was wide open.
  • I hated the idea of leaving him alone.
Participles and some adjectives can also be used after a noun.
See Units 19 and 29.
  • She pointed to the three cards lying on the table.
  • He is the only man available.
5 Numbers come after determiners and before adjectives.
  • I had to pay a thousand dollars.
  • Three tall men came out of the shed.
6 A noun group can also be a pronoun. You often use a pronoun when you are referring back to a person or thing that you have already mentioned.
  • I've got two boys, and they both enjoy playing football.
You also use a pronoun when you do not know who the person or thing is, or do not want to be precise.
  • Someone is coming to mend it tomorrow.
7 A noun group can refer to one or more people or things. Many nouns have a singular form referring to one person or thing, and a plural form referring to more than one person or thing.
See Unit 4.
  • My dog never bites people.
  • She likes dogs.
Similarly, different pronouns are used in the singular and in the plural.
  • I am going home now.
  • We want more money.
When a singular noun group is the subject, it takes a singular verb. When a plural noun group is the subject, it takes a plural verb.
  • His son plays football for the school.
  • Her letters are always very short.

Unit 1 Clause and sentence structure

Main points
  • Simple sentences have one clause.
  • Clauses usually consist of a noun group as the subject, and a verb group.
  • Clauses can also have another noun group as the object or complement.
  • Clauses can have an adverbial, also called an adjunct.
  • Changing the order of the words in a clause can change its meaning.
  • Compound sentences consist of two or more main clauses. Complex sentences always include a subordinate clause, as well as one or more main clauses.
1 A simple sentence has one clause, beginning with a noun group called the subject. The subject is the person or thing that the sentence is about. This is followed by a verb group, which tells you what the subject is doing, or describes the subject's situation.
  • I waited.
  • The girl screamed.
2 The verb group may be followed by another noun group, which is called the object. The object is the person or thing affected by the action or situation.
  • He opened the car door.
  • She married a young engineer.
After link verbs like `be', `become', `feel', and `seem', the verb group may be followed by a noun group or an adjective, called a complement. The complement tells you more about the subject.
  • She was a doctor.
  • He was angry.
3 The verb group, the object, or the complement can be followed by an adverb or a prepositional phrase, called an adverbial. The adverbial tells you more about the action or situation, for example how, when, or where it happens. Adverbials are also called adjuncts.
  • They shouted loudly.
  • She won the competition last week.
  • He was a policeman in Birmingham.
4 The word order of a clause is different when the clause is a statement, a question, or a command.
  • He speaks English very well. (statement)
  • Did she win at the Olympics? (question)
  • Stop her. (command)
Note that the subject is omitted in commands, so the verb comes first.
5 A compound sentence has two or more main clauses: that is, clauses which are equally important. You join them with `and', `but', or `or'.
  • He met Jane at the station and went shopping.
  • I wanted to go but I felt too ill.
  • You can come now or you can meet us there later.
Note that the order of the two clauses can change the meaning of the sentence.
  • He went shopping and met Jane at the station.
If the subject of both clauses is the same, you usually omit the subject in the second clause.
  • I wanted to go but felt too ill.
6 A complex sentence contains a subordinate clause and at least one main clause. A subordinate clause gives information about a main clause, and is introduced by a conjunction such as `because', `if', `that', or a `wh'-word. Subordinate clauses can come before, after, or inside the main clause.
  • When he stopped, no one said anything.
  • If you want, I'll teach you.
  • They were going by car because it was more comfortable.
  • I told him that nothing was going to happen to me.
  • The car that I drove was a Ford.
  • The man who came into the room was small.

Irregular verb-Động từ bất quy tắc

Irregular verb - Động từ bất quy tắc
Tôi giới thiệu bảng các động từ bất quy tắc ở đây. Dần dần tôi sẽ có những bài hướng dẫn sử dụng.

Infinitive

Past

Past participle

Nghĩa

abide

abode

abode

Trú ngụ,chịu đựng

arise

arose

arisen

Nổi dậy, nổi lên

awake

awoke

awoke, awaked

Tỉnh dậy ,đánh thức

be

was, were

been

Thì, là, ở, bị được

bear

bore

borne, born

Mang, chịu đựng, sinh đẻ

beat

beat

beaten

Đánh

become

became

become

Thành,trở nên

befall

befell

befallen

Xảy tới

begin

began

begun

Bắt đầu

behold

beheld

beheld

Ngắm , nhìn

bend

bent

bent

Uốn cong

bereave

bereft

bereft

Lấy đi, tước đoạt

bespeak

bespoke

bespoken

Đặt trước, giữ trước

beseech

besought

besought

Van xin

bet

bet

bet

Đánh cuộc, cá

bid

bade

bid, bidden

Ra lênh

bind

bound

bound

Buộc, là dính vào

bite

bit

bit, bitten

Cắn

bleed

bled

bled

Chảy máu

blow

blew

blown

Thổi

break

broke

broken

Làm vỡ, bẻ gãy

breed

bred

bred

Nuôi nấng

bring

brought

brought

Mang lại, đem lại

build

built

built

Xây dựng

burn

burnt

burnt

Đốt cháy

burst

burst

burst

Nổ

buy

bought

bought

Mua

cast

cast

cast

Liệng, ném, quăng

catch

caught

caught

Bắt, chụp được

chide

chid

chidden

Quở mắng

choose

chose

chosen

Lựa chọn

cleave

clove, cleft

cloven, chleft

Chẻ ra, tách ra

cling

clung

clung

Bám, quyến luyến

clothe

clad

clad

Mặc, bận quần áo

come

came

come

Đến

cost

cost

cost

Trị giá

creep

crept

crept

crow

crew, crowwed

crowed

Gáy, gà gáy

cut

cut

cut

Cắt

deal

dealt

dealt

Giao thiệp, chia bài

dig

dug

dug

Đào

do

did

done

Làm

draw

drew

drawn

Kéo, vẽ

dream

dreamt

dreamt

Mơ, mộng

drink

drank

drunk

Uống

drive

drove

driven

Đưa, lái xe

dwell

dwelt

dwelt

Ở, trú ngụ

eat

ate

eaten

Ăn

fall

fell

fallen

Ngã, rơi

feed

fed

fed

Nuôi cho ăn

feel

felt

felt

Cảm thấy

fight

fought

fought

Đánh , chiến đấu

find

found

found

Tìm thấy, được

flee

fled

fled

Chạy trốn

fling

flung

flung

Ném

fly

flew

flown

Bay

forbear

forbore

forbone

Kiêng cử

forbid

forbade

forbidden

Cấm

foresee

foresaw

foreseen

Tiên tri

foretell

foretold

foretold

Tiên đoán

forget

forget

forgetten

Quên

forgive

forgave

forgiven

Tha thứ

forsake

forsook

forsaken

Bỏ rơi, từ bỏ

forswear

forswore

forsworn

Thề bỏ

freeze

froze

frozen

Đông lại , đóng băng

get

got

got, gotten

Được, trở nên

gild

gilt

gilt

Mạ vàng

gard

gart

gart

Cuốn xung quanh

give

gave

given

Cho

go

went

gone

Đi

grind

ground

ground

Xay, nghiền nhỏ

grow

grew

grown

Lớn lên, mọc

hang

hung

hung

Treo

have

had

had

hear

heard

heard

Nghe

heave

hove

hove

Nhấc lên, nâng lên

hew

hewed

hewn

Gọt đẽo

hide

hid

hid, hidden

Ẩn, trốn

hit

hit

hit

Đụng chạm

hold

held

hold

Cầm giữ

hurt

hurt

hurt

Làm đau, làm hại

inlay

inlaid

inlaid

Khảm, cẩn

keep

kept

kept

Giữ

kneel

knelt

knelt

Quì gối

knit

knit

knit

Đan

know

knew

known

Biết

lade

laded

laden

Chất, chở, gánh

lead

led

led

Dẫn dắt, lãnh đạo

lay

laid

laid

Để, đặt, để trứng

lean

leant

leant

Dựa vào

leap

leapt

leapt

Nhảy

learn

learnt

learnt

Học, được tin

leave

left

left

Bỏ lại, rời khỏi

lend

lent

lent

Cho vay

let

let

let

Hãy để, cho phép

lie

lay

lain

Nằm dài ra

light

lit

lit

Đốt, thắp (đèn)

lose

lost

lost

Mất, đánh mất

make

made

made

Làm, chế tạo

mean

meant

meant

Có nghĩ, muốn nói

meet

met

met

Gặp

mistake

mistook

mistaken

Lầm lẫn

mislead

misled

misled

Dẫn lạc đường

mow

mowed

mown

Cắt (cỏ)

outdo

outdid

outdone

Vượt lên, làm hơn

outgo

outwent

outgone

Vượt quá, lấn

overcast

overcast

overcast

Làm mờ, làm khuất

overcome

overcame

overcome

Vượt lên, trấn áp

overdo

overdid

overdone

Làm thái quá

overdrive

overdrove

overdriven

Bắt làm quá

overhear

overheard

overheard

Nghe lỏm, chợt nghe

overspread

overspread

overspread

Lan ra, phủ khắp

overhang

overhung

overhung

Dựng xiên

overrun

overran

overrun

Tràn ngập

overtake

overtook

overtaken

Bắt kịp

overthrow

overthrew

overthrown

Lật đổ

pay

paid

paid

Trả tiền

put

put

put

Đặt, để

eread

read

read

Đọc

rend

rent

rent

Xé, làm rách

rid

rid

rid

Vứt bỏ

ride

rode

roden

Cỡi (ngụa, xe),đi xe

ring

rang

rung

Rung chuông

rise

rose

risen

Mọc lên

rive

rived

riven

Chẻ, tách

rot

rotted

rotten

Thối, mục nát

run

ran

run

Chạy

saw

sawed

sawn

Cưa

say

said

said

Nói

see

saw

seen

Thấy

seek

sought

sought

Tìm kiếm

sell

sold

sold

Bán

send

sent

sent

Gửi, phải đi

set

set

set

Để, đặt, lập nên

shake

shook

shaken

Lắc, lay, rũ

shear

shere, sheared

shorn

Gọt, cắt (lông cừu)

shed

shed

shed

Đổ, tràn ra

shine

shone

shone

Chiếu sáng

shoe

shod

shod

Đóng móng ngựa

shoot

shot

shot

Bắn, phóng mạnh

show

showed

shown

Chỉ, trỏ

shred

shred

shred

Băm, chặt nhỏ

shrink

shrank

shrunk

Rút lại, co

shrive

shrove

shriven

Xưng tội

shut

shut

shut

Đóng lại

sing

sang

sung

Hát

sink

sank

sunk

Đắm, chìm, nhận, chìm

sit

sat

sat

Ngồi

slay

slew

slain

Giết

sleep

slept

slept

Ngủ

slide

slid

slid

Lướt, trượt, trơn

slink

slink

slink

Chuồn đi

sling

slung

slung

Ném, liệng, bắn ná

slit

slit

slit

Bổ đôi, chẻ ra

smell

smelt

smelt

Ngửi thấy

smite

smote, smit

smitten

Đánh, đâm đá

sow

sowed

sown

Gieo hạt

speak

spoke

spoken

Nói, xướng ngôn

speed

sped

sped

Làm nhanh

spell

spelt

spelt

Đánh vần

spend

spent

spent

Tiêu xài

spill

spilt

spilt

Đổ vãi

spin

spun

spun

Kéo sợi

spit

spat

spat

Nhổ, khạc

split

split

split

Bổ, xẻ, chẻ, tách

spread

spread

spread

Trải ra, làm tràn

spring

sprang

sprung

Nhảy, nẩng lên

stand

stood

stood

Đứng

steal

stole

stolen

Ăn trộm, cắp

stick

stuck

stuck

Dán, dính

sting

stung

stung

Châm, đốt

stink

stank

stank

Hôi, có mùi hôi

stride

strode

stridden

Đi bước dài

strike

struck

struck

Đánh, co vào

string

strung

strung

Xỏ dây

strive

strove

striven

Cố gắng, nổ lực

swear

swore

sworn

Thề

sweat

sweat

sweat

Ra mồi hôi

sweep

swept

swept

Quét

swell

swelled

swellen

Phồng lên, sưng

swim

swam

swum

Bơi lội

swing

swung

swung

Đánh đu

take

took

taken

Lấy

teach

taught

taught

Dạy

tear

tore

torn

Làm rách, xé

tell

told

told

Nói, kể lại, bảo

think

thought

thought

Nghĩ, tưởng

thrive

throve

thriven

Thịnh vượng

throw

threw

thrown

Ném. liệng, quăng

thrust

thrust

thrust

Đẩy, nhét vào

tread

trod

trodden

Dẫm đạp, giày xéo

unbend

unbent

unent

Dàn ra

undergo

underwent

undergone

Chịu đựng

understand

understood

understood

Hiểu

indo

indid

inodne

Thỏa, cởi, phá bỏ

upset

upset

upset

Lật đổ, lộn ngược

wake

woke

woken

Thức tỉnh

wear

wore

worn

Mặc đồ