Self study English well 4
I have studied English grammar for too long, so the last thing I need is more grammar.
Chinese students attribute their lack of communication in English to an overemphasis on grammar and thus resist grammar practice and reviews in their self-study programs. They tend to want oral English vocabulary, phrases, expressions, and pronunciation practice. Above all, they want an English environment. However, it soon becomes apparent that students struggle when they try to create sentences and their grammar is typically riddled with errors. Nevertheless, students want to have nothing to do with grammar structures while doing self-study. They ignore it completely, and concentrate instead on other aspects.
A good knowledge of grammar rules and patterns is absolutely necessary because the transfer of structures from one language to the next is anything but smooth. It is true that direct written grammar exercises, where students merely manipulate sentence structures to fit a pattern, may be unnecessary if you are aware of the pattern already. However, grammar definitely is an important part of your self-study program when it is used for communicative purposes.
What students often fail to do is to integrate grammar study into the process of creating English, rather than just manipulating sentences in exercise books. For example, with the structure “If I were you, I would…” a student should be thinking of the occasions he can use this structure and create as many sentences as possible that might be appropriate. Using English requires knowledge of the rules and patterns, just as a painter needs some conventions and boundaries before he can start his work, but ultimately both need a creative process before skill is developed.
Advice for the Self-study Learner
What then can I offer as advice for a motivated self-study learner? For starters, if you have no English environment, then create one. Find a partner to speak with regularly and do not worry if that partner is from China, Korea, Africa, or Europe. It is often better if your regular meetings can center around a topic or theme. For example, you could both read a different book and use the time to talk about the book you are reading. Perhaps you could use the time to exchange information about something you both want to learn.
You may also wish to become accustomed with the types of clubs and activities that expatriates here in Beijing like to get involved with and join them. English corners are also funny ways to link with others who share your desire to learn English. Chat lines in English and pen pals are also great ways to interact in English provided that you do not rely on them exclusively for your English development.
Secondly, you need to find a time of the day to expose yourself to various kinds of meaningful and interesting English stories, dialogues, programs, etc. that can hold your interest. If there is one pattern that shows up in all the studies of language acquisition it is this. The quantity and quality of English you expose yourself to is a key variable in determining the speed of your progress. The key issue should be to find a variety of interesting English sources that will not tire you out. Researchers have unanimously concluded that English that is meaningful and interesting is recalled and integrated into a learner’s speech far more rapidly than English that is deemed appropriate by teachers and textbooks.
Finally, pace your energy and keep a positive attitude towards learning English. Acquiring a second language is a long-term journey that is not always smooth. Reward yourself with praise and begin to trust your communication powers. My students who have treated themselves with self-encouragement become more able to communicate and it is their fast progress that further motivates them to challenge themselves.
Notes:
Nevin Blumer (M.Ed, TESL cert.) is an English as a Second Language teacher in Beijing who specializes in oral English and IELTS preparation. He has been teaching for almost 10 years, in Japan, Canada and Singapore and has spent over 2 years in Beijing. His particular interest is in the special problems that Chinese students have while learning English. One of his recent publications is American Culture: A Course book.
Self study English well 2
If I want to learn American English, I should learn form an American teacher or my English will not be understood when I go to the U.S.A.
I have seen many good teachers here in China, both expatriates and Chinese, run into problems because of the way many students judge their accents. Students believe that the best chance of speaking like a native speaker is by having that ideal accent. If the teacher has an accent that is not form the target country that certain students want to go to, they are either rebuffed or rejected.
Part of the misconception stems from ignorance of the distinction between pronunciation and accent. Pronunciation involves the stress, rhythm, intonation, and phonetic sounds that facilitate communication. An accent is the distinguishable set of sounds that derives from cultural or regional phonetic patterns. Accents are essentially habits formed at a very early age and very difficult to change after the age of six. This has been verified by researchers who studied the tongue and mouth positions of Israeli children at an early age of 5-6, and find that even after heavy immersion in American English for about 10 years, their mouth and tongue positions change very little when speaking, and thus their accents change only slightly. In other words, forget about trying to change your accent in a year or two, it is just not going to happen. Pronunciation can be changed and improved. Accents are entrenched and need not be changed.
There is no shortage of superb English speakers and writers in my native country, Canada, who have excellent pronunciation, but heavy accents from their countries of origin. In fact, two great Indo-Canadian writers Michael Ondaatje and Rohinton Misty both have slight non-Canadian accents in English, but are Booker Prize winners. Do we say that their English is substandard, because they have accents? No, it would be absurd to make such a suggestion since their pronunciation is excellent and no one has any trouble understanding them. As I mentioned earlier, pronunciation is not the same thing as an accent.
I tell my students to give up their hope of developing an American accent, since it is very unlikely to happen unless they stay in America over a very long period, and even then, the are still likely to retain some part of their Chinese accent. An accent is par of your character and heritage.
That is not to say that the student shouldn’t devote time to improving his or her pronunciation. A student should focus on those pronunciation aspects that make their communication more effective, not trying to mold their accent into another. Developing pronunciation skills that are universally learnt is a much more worthy pursuit of your efforts than trying to copy an accent that is unnatural for your tongue and mouth.
Notes:
Nevin Blumer (M.Ed, TESL cert.) is an English as a Second Language teacher in Beijing who specializes in oral English and IELTS preparation. He has been teaching for almost 10 years, in Japan, Canada and Singapore and has spent over 2 years in Beijing. His particular interest is in the special problems that Chinese students have while learning English. One of his recent publications is American Culture: A Course book.
English Study Pro
English Study Pro là chương trình hỗ trợ học tiếng Anh dành cho người Việt Nam có trình độ tiếng Anh căn bản. Chương trình cung cấp cho bạn những tư liệu và công cụ cần thiết để học tiếng Anh từ cơ bản đến nâng cao.
Bao gồm 7 từ điển để tra cứu:
|
|
|
|
Từ điển Anh-Việt 
TOEFL Test 1 - Part 3, Reading
Part Three
The French word renaissance means rebirth. It was first used in 1855 by the historian Jules Michelet in his History of France, then adopted by historians of culture, by art historians, and eventually by music historians, all of whom applied it to European culture during the 150 years spanning 1450-1600. The concept of rebirth was appropriate to this period of European history because of the renewed interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture that began in
These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period--how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed, experienced, discussed, and disseminated. They could see the architectural monuments, sculptures, plays, and poems that were being rediscovered, but they could not actually hear ancient music-although they could read the writings of classical philosophers, poets, essayists, and music theorists that were becoming available in ranslation. They learned about the power of ancient music to move the listener and wondered why modern music did not have the same effect. For example, the influential religious leader Bernardino Cirillo expressed disappointment with the learned music of his time. He urged musicians to follow the example of the sculptors, painters, architects, and scholars who had
rediscovered ancient art and literature.
The musical Renaissance in
1. What is the passage mainly about?
(A) The musical compositions that best illustrate the developments during the European Renaissance
(B) The musical techniques that were in use during the European Renaissance
(C) The European Renaissance as a cultural development that included changes in musical style
(D) The ancient Greek and Roman musical practices used during the European Renaissance
2. What does the author mean by using the word “eventually” in line 3 ?
(A) That music historians used the term “Renaissance” after the other historians did
(B) That most music historians used the term “Renaissance”
(C) The term “Renaissance” became widely used by art historians but not by music historians
(D) That music historians used the term “Renaissance” very differently than it had been used by Jules Michelet
3. The phrase "frowned on" in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) given up
(B) forgotten about
(C) argued about
(D) disapproved of
4. The word“now”in line 11 refers to
(A) tile time of the classical civilizations of
(B) the period of the Renaissance
(C) 1855
(D) the time at which the author wrote the passage
5. Where in the passage does the author mention where the Renaissance interest in classical ideas first appeared?
(A) Lines I-4
(B) Lines 4-6
(C) Lines 8-9
(D) Lines 11-13
6. It can be inferred from the passage that thinkers of the Renaissance were seeking a rebirth of
(A) communication among artists across
(B) spirituality in everyday life
(C) a cultural emphasis on human values
(D) religious themes in art that would accompany the traditional secular themes
7. According to the passage, Renaissance artists and writers had all of the following intentions EXCEPT
(A) to use religious themes
(B) to portray only the pleasant parts of human experience
(C) to produce art that people would find attractive
(D) to create works that were easily understood
8. The word "disseminated" in line 16 is closest in meaning to
(A) played
(B) documented
(C) spread
(D) analyzed
9. What can be inferred about the music of ancient
(A) It expressed different ideals than classical sculpture, painting and poetry.
(B) It was played on instruments that are familiar to modern audiences.
(C) It had the same effect on Renaissance audiences as it had when originally performed.
(D) Its effect on listeners was described in a number of classical texts.
10. According to the passage, why was Bemardino Cirillo disappointed with the music of his time?
(A) it was not complex enough to appeal to musicians.
(B) It had little emotional impact on audiences.
(C) It was too dependent on the art and literature of his time.
(D) It did not contain enough religious themes.
11. Which of the following is mentioned in the passage as a reason for the absence of a single Renaissance musical style?
(A) The musical Renaissance was defined by technique rather than style.
(B) The musical Renaissance was too short to give rise to a new musical style.
(C) Renaissance musicians adopted the styles of both Greek and Roman musicians.
(D) During the Renaissance, music never remained the same for very long.
The thick, woolly fleece of the domestic sheep is its distinguishing feature and the source of much of its economic importance. Yet only a moment, in evolutionary terms, has passed since the domestic sheep had a coat resembling that of many other wild Line animals. As recently as 8,000 years ago, it was covered not in a white, continuously growing mass of wool but in a brown coat consisting of an outer array of kemps, or coarse hairs, that was shed annually and a fine woolly undercoat that also molted. Such an animal could not have supported the technology that has grown up around the domestic sheep--the shearing, dyeing, spinning, and weaving of wool--any better than could a wild sheep such as the bighorn of North America, Much of the selective breeding that led to the fleece types known today took place in prehistory, and even the later developments went largely unchronicled. Yet other kinds of records survive, in three forms. Specimens of wool from as long ago as 1500 B.C. have been found, mostly as ancient textiles, but also in the form of sheepskins. Antique depictions of sheep in sculpture, relief, and painting give even earlier clues to the character of ancient fleeces. The longest line of evidence takes the form of certain primitive breeds that are still tended in remote areas or that escaped from captivity long ago and now live in the wild. They retain the characteristics of ancient sheep, providing living snapshots of the process that gave rise to modern fleeces.
12. What topic does the passage mainly discuss?
(A) The economic importance of sheep through the ages
(B) The development of textile crafts and technologies
(C) The evolution of the fleece of domestic sheep
(D) The influence of technology on wool manufacturing
13. The word “source” in line 2 is closest in meaning to
(A) quantity
(B) result
(C) basis
(D) cost
14. According to the passage, the outer coat of sheep 8,000 years ago was
(A) white
(B) coarse
(C) warmer than that of bighorn sheep
(D) similar to that of the modern sheep
15. Which of the following can be concluded about wild sheep, as compared with domestic sheep?
(A) They are evolving more rapidly.
(B) They have thicker coats.
(C) They are of less economic importance.
(D) They are less similar to bighorn sheep.
16. The word “unchronicled” in line 11 is closest in meaning to
(A) unquestioned
(B) unexplained
(C) unnoticed
(D) unrecorded
17. What does the author mention as evidence of the characteristics of ancient sheep?
(A) Representations of sheep in an
(B) Ancient tales about sheep
(C) Documents describing sheep
(D) Skeletons of sheep
18. The word “clues” in line 14 is closest in meaning to
(A) proofs
(B) indications
(C) colors
(D) variations
19. In line 17, the author uses the term “living snapshots” to refer to
(A) photographs of early types of sheep
(B) early guns used for hunting sheep
(C) ancient paintings of sheep
(D) early breeds of sheep that still exist
20. The phrase "gave rise to" in line 18 is closest in meaning to
(A) replaced by
(B) favored over
(C) brought about
(D) found out
Architecture the been characterized by W. R. Dalze11 as the “indispensabie art,” and rightly so. Inevitably, the practical functions that shelters arc designed to fulfill play a strong role in determining their appearance and thus, in part, their artistic character. So do the Line methods of construction available and practicable at any given moment. The strikingly new forms of architecture that appeared in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries were built to meet the needs of industry and of commerce based on industry, in a society whose essential character and internal relationships had been sharply transformed by the Industrial Revolution.
About the middle of the nineteenth century, mechanized industrial production began to demand large, well-lighted interiors in which manufacturing could be carried on. The administration of giant industrial and commercial concerns required office buildings of unprecedented size, containing suites of offices easily accessible to employees and customers. The marketing of industrial products necessitated large-scale storage spaces, and enormous shops selling under one roof a wide variety of items. Industrial and commercial pressures drew increasing populations to urban centers, and traditional housing was no longer adequate to contain them. Mechanized transportation of industrial products and industrial and business personnel was essential. Leisure-time entertainment and cultural activities for the vast new urban populations required still a different kind of structure. Hence, the characteristic new architectural forms of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries have been the factory, the multistory office building, the warehouse, the department store, the apartment house, the railway station, the large theater, and the gigantic sports stadium. None of these could have been built on the desired scale by traditional construction methods.
21. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) Various types of traditional building materials strongly influenced modem architectural design.
(B) Changing architectural styles affected the character of cities.
(C) New architectural forms evolved in response to the changing needs of society.
(D) Technological advances affected conventional methods of building construction.
22. The author uses the expression “rightly so” in line 2 in order to
(A) introduce an opinion that differs from that of W. R. Dalzell
(B) provide examples of architecture that are indispensable show agreement with the way W. R. Dalzell has described architecture
(D) indicate that architectural design must reflect artistic qualities
23. The word "strikingly" in line 4 is closest in meaning to
(A) aggressively
(B) specifically
(C) noticeably
(D)occasionally
24. According to the passage, which of the following motivated the “new forms of architecture” mentioned in line 5 ?
(A) The increased wealth of citizens
(B) The Industrial Revolution
(C) Competitive international trade
(D) Changing ideas about artistic merit
25. It can be inferred that the demand for “large, well-lighted interiors” mentioned in line 10 resulted in the construction of
(A) offices
(B) factories
(C) warehouses
(D) department stores
26. The phrase “carried on” in line 10 is closest in meaning to
(A) conducted
(B) supervised
(C) moved about
(D) improved
27. The word "necessitated" in line 13 is closest in meaning to
(A) identified
(B) replaced
(C) required
(D) supplied
28. It can be inferred from the passage that all of the following occurred as a result of the Industrial Revolution EXCEPT
(A) considerable societal changes
(B) office buildings larger than any ever built before
(C) storage and marketing of industrial products
(D) a decrease in leisure activities
29. The word "them" in line 16 refers to
(A) items
(B) pressures
(C) populations
(D) centers
30. According to the passage, which of the following is true about the effect of the Industrial Revolution on transportation systems?
(A) Traditional methods of transportation were adequate for workers to get to their jobs.
(B) Faster, more efficient methods of transportation were required for the production and distribution of goods.
(C) Manufacturers could not produce sufficiently large quantities of goods to support the costs of railroad transportation.
(D) Only the most essential products required new, mechanized methods of transportation.
31. The word “Hence” in line 19 is closest in meaning to
(A) moreover
(B) nevertheless
(C) in contrast
(D) for these reasons
Famed for their high-elevation forests, the
At one time, immense continental glaciers covered the land as far south as
Sharing the high peaks is another distinctive plant community. This is the "bald"—a treeless area covered with grass, or more commonly, with broad-leaved shrubs. Often large and vigorous, the latter include huckleberries, mountain laurel, and most especially, rhododendron, an evergreen shrub that blossoms in June and creates some of the most spectacular wild gardens on Earth.
32. The word "sweep" in line 1 could best be replaced by which of the following?
(A) brush
(B) extend
(C) clear
(D) hurry
33. The southernmost point of the
(A)
(B)
(C) Alabama
(D)
34. According to the passage, a 615-mile expanse of the
(A) the
(B)
(C) the
(D) the
35. The word "technically" in line 7 is closest in meaning to
(A) partially
(B) similarly
(C) likely
(D) officially
36. The expression "the latter range" in line 8 refers to
(A)
(B) the
(C) the
(D)
37. The word "they" in line 13 refers to
(A)
(B) plants and animals
(C) mountains
(D) glaciers
38. According to the passage, the melting of glaciers caused some plant species to
(A) adapt to the heat
(B) die out
(C) grow bigger and stronger
(D) move northward
39. The author mentions all of the following as plants that can be found in a "bald" EXCEPT
(A) mountain laurel
(B) huckleberries
(C) red oaks
(D) rhododendron
40. Where in the passage does the author mention what has happened to the development of the mountains since they reached their highest point?
(A) Lines 5-7
(B) Lines 10-11
(C) Lines 14-15
(D) Lines 19-20
A rapidly advancing contemporary science that is highly dependent on new tools is Earth system science. Earth system science involves observation and measurements on the Earth at all scales from the largest to the smallest. The huge anaounts of data that are Line gathered come from many different locations and require special techniques for handling data. Important new tools that facilitate Earth system science include satellite remote sensing, small deep-sea submarines, and geographic information systems. More than any other way of gathering evidence, satellite observations continually remind us that each part of the Earth interacts with and is dependent on all other parts.
Earth system science was born from the realization of that interdependence. Satellite remote sensing makes possible observations at large scales, and in many cases, measurements of factors that could not otherwise be measured. For example, the ozone hole over
New tools for exploring previously inaccessible areas of the Earth have also added greatly to our knowledge of the Earth system. Small deep-sea submarines allow scientists to travel to the depths of the ocean. There they have discovered new species and ecosystems thriving near deep-sea vents that emit heat, sasses, and mineral-rich water. Just as important as new methods of measurement and exploration are new ways to store and analyze data about the Earth system. Computer-based software programs known as geographic information systems, or GIS, allow a large number of data points to be stored along with their locations. These can be used to produce maps and to compare different sets of information gathered at different times. For example, satellite remote sensing images of a forest can be converted to represent stages in the forest's growth. Two such images, made at different times can be overlaid and compared, and the changes that have taken place can be represented in a new image.
41. What is the main idea of the passage?
(A) Special techniques are needed to classify the huge amounts of data about Earth.
(B) New tools provide information about Earth that was once impossible to obtain.
(C) Advances in Earth system science have resolved many environmental problems.
(D) Satellite remote sensing can show changes between two images taken years apart.
42. The word "contemporary" in line 1 is closest in meaning to
(A) little-known
(B) informative
(C) current
(D) exciting
43. The word "facilitate" in line 5 is closest in meaning to
(A) enable
(B) require
(C) organize
(D) examine
44. The author of the passage mentions that satellite observations are especially effective in
(A) conducting scientific studies of life on the ocean floor
(B) predicting future climate changes
(C) providing data to determine Earth's age
(D)demonstrating interactions among all of Earth's parts
45. The word "realization" in line 9 is closest in meaning to
(A) observation
(B) assumption
(C) explanation
(D) recognition
46. According to the passage, satellite observations of the
(A) indications of ancient routes
(B) evidence of former lakes
(C) traces of early farms
(D) remains of ancient forests
47. The word "inaccessible" in line'18 is closest in meaning to
(A) unreachable
(B) undiscovered
(C) unexplored
(D) unpredictable
48. The word "they" in line 20 refers to
(A) new tools
(B) small deep-sea submarines
(C) scientists
(D) the depths of the ocean
49. The word "thriving" in line 21 is closest in meaning to
(A) surviving
(B) flourishing
(C) feeding
(D) competing
50. The organization of the passage can best be described as
(A) an extended statement of the basic principles of a particular scientific theory
(B) an introductory statement followed by a discussion of particular examples
(C) a comparison of the effectiveness of different types of scientific tools
(D) an argument for the claim that new techniques can be useful in many specialized fields
Result
1C 2D 3D 4B
6C 7B 8C 9D 10C
11D 12C 13C 14B 15C
16D 17A 18A 19D 20C
21D 22C 23C 24B 25A
26A 27C 28D 29C 30B
31D 32B 33D 34A 35D
36B 37D 38D 39C 40B
41B 42C 43A 44D 45D
46A 47A 48C 49B 50B
TOEFL Test 1 - Part 2, Grammar
1. Inertial navigation,_____ a vital role in space exploration, employs devices called accelerometers to measure accelerations of spacecraft.
(A) it plays
(B) which plays
(C) which it plays
(D) in which plays
2. _____ they rely on external sources of warmth, amphibians in cool regions hibernate through the inter.
(A) Because
(B) By reason of
(C) Due to
(D) Since that
3. In 1846 _____ agreed upon the boundaries separating what would become
(A) when the Canadian and
(B) the Canadian and
(C) with the Canadian and
(D) the Canadian and the
4. Prized for centuries for their beauty, roses are probably the world's _____ plants.
(A) cultivated ornamental most widely
(B) ornamental widely cultivated most
(C) most widely cultivated ornamental
(D) widely ornamental most cultivated
5. In area,
(A) nor
(B) in spite of
(C) how
(D) but
6. Larch and spruce trees _____ in bogs and wet areas of the northern
(A) found
(B) are found
(C) have found
(D) finding
7. Ostrich eggs are larger of any Other living animal; they may be 150 mm long and 127 mm wide and have a shell 1.97 mm thick.
(A) than those
(B) of those
(C) those that
(D) than
8. Although rain falls throughout most of the world, in
(A) and all
(B) all
(C) where all
(D) it is all
9. _____ to learn about human origins and evolution, the physical anthropologist studies fossil remains and observes the behavior of other primates.
(A) Because trying
(B) Do they try
(C) There is trying
(D) In trying
10. _____ where the American craft movement seems to have flourished most vigorously, partly through its association with the Prairie School of Architecture.
(A) Was the Midwest
(B) The Midwest as
(C) It was the Midwest
(D) The Midwest being!
11. _____ as taste is really a composite sense made up of both taste and smell.
(A) To which we refer
(B) What do we refer to
(C) That we refer to it
(D) What we refer to
12. Lorraine Hansberry's play A Raisin in the Sun was_____ to be produced on Broadway.
(A) the first drama that all African American woman
(B) an African American woman whose first drama
(C) an African American woman's drama that first
(D) the first drama by an African American woman
13. When changes in the tilt of the Earth relative to the Sun shift the location of
(A) the rains go
(B) as go the rains
(C) which the rains to go
(D) and the rains going
14. The
(A) established it
(B) which established
(C) and established
(D) established
15. A challenging new area in inorganic chemistry is _____ the role of transition metals in the biochemical catalysts called enzymes.
(A) that of understanding
(B) to have understanding
(C) the understanding
(D) understanding that
Result
1B 2A 3D 4C 5D
6B 7A 8B 9D 10C
11D 12D 13A 14D 15A
16D 17B 18D 19C 20B
21D 22C 23D 24C 25A
26C 27A 28B 29C 30D
31A 32C 33D 34C 35D
36C 37B 38D 39D 40A
TOEFL Test 1 - Part 1, Listening
Phần nghe này có âm thanh kèm theo, hiện taị tôi chưa đưa được âm thanh vào nên mọi người tạm thời không test phần này. Có yêu cầu gì xin vui lòng ghi comment!
PART ONE Listening
1. (A) She likes the view of the mountains in winter.
(B) She has never been in
(C) The man should take a winter vacation.
(D) The man would not enjoy living in
2. (A) He plans to go to the dance.
(B) He does not enjoy dancing.
(C) He has something else to do tonight.
(D) He plans to go to the next dance.
3. (A) The woman should go to the game with him tonight.
(B) The game will not be on television.
(C) The results of the game were announced in the newspaper.
(D) The woman can find the information about the game in the newspaper.
4. (A) She just finished studying for the exam.
(B) She is not certain what material will be covered on the exam.
(C) She needs to prepare a little more for the exam.
(D) She is willing to help the man study for the exam.
5. (A) Go out to eat with her parents
(B) Find a place to live near the harbor
(C) Get a job at a restaurant
(D) Introduce him to her parents
6. (A) Let his boss know that he plans to quit
(B) Ask his boss to give him more time off
(C) Recommend the woman for a promotion
(D) Reconsider his decision about his job
7. (A) She is going to start a new experiment.
(B) She is planning to start the experiment on Friday.
(C) She received additional time to finish the experiment.
(D) She does not plan to finish the experiment.
8. (A) She thinks the man is funny.
(B) She will meet the man for dinner tonight.
(C) She got sick from last night's dinner.
(D) She feels better than she did last night.
9. (A) He has already spoken to Professor Odell.
(B) Professor Odell will probably excuse his absence.
(C) He has never missed Professor Odell's class.
(D) Professor Odell was not in class today.
10. (A) Ask her brother for a ride to the conference
(B) Find a different hotel
(C) Pay for the conference in advance
(D) Cancel his hotel reservation
11. (A) He forgot to phone Amy earlier today.
(B) He does not know Amy's new phone number.
(C) Amy's phone number has not changed.
(D) The woman should ask Amy tbr the phone number.12. (A) The store will have more shirts tomorrow.
(B) The store will not be selling blue shirts anymore.
(C) The man should check other stores for the shirt.
(D) The shirts will be less expensive after the game.
13. (A) He likes to give parties.
(B) He does not like to attend parties.
(C) He does not work on Fridays.
(D) People enjoy his company.
14. (A) His class lasted longer than usual.
(B) He got lost on the way to the movie.
(C) He did not know what time the movie started.
(D) He did not pay attention to the time.
15. (A) He is much less patient thanNancy.
(B) The woman should play tennis with
(C) Nancy will go play tennis soon.
(D)
16. (A) His grade was not as good as the woman's grade.
(B) He thinks the course was easy.
(C) He expected to get a good grade.
(D) He did not expect to like the course.
17. (A) The man looks very nice in a suit and tie.
(B) The man did not need to change clothes.
(C) She likes the sweater the man is wearing.
(D) She does not think jeans are appropriate.
18. (A) He has been spending too much time doing sports.
(B) He is already a member of several social organizations.
(C) His classes already involve a lot of community work.
(D) He is very busy with his academic work.
19. (A) Study her notes over the weekend
(B) Give the man her notes until Monday
(C) Take the quiz before the man does
(D) Ask to have the quiz postponed
20. (A) He cannot walk because his foot is broken.
(B) He will have to see the doctor again.
(C) He needs to take some medicine.
(D) He feels relieved about his injury.
21. (A) He does not want to continue on the project today.
(B) He will work on the project without the woman.
(C) He does not know when the project is due.
(D) It will take five hours to finish the project.
22. (A) Look for another job
(B) Talk to his boss about his schedule
(C) Start work later in the day
(D) Ask his boss for a raise in pay
23. (A) He thinks Betsy should take a business class.
(B) He got angry with Betsy at the meeting.
(C) He admires Betsy for expressing her opinion.
(D) He did not understand what Betsy said.
24. (A) He cannot afford to buy a computer.
(B) He was the last person to leave the computer lab.
(C) He is worried about turning his paper in late.
(D) He used a typewriter for his paper.
25. (A) Gather more information from other students they know
(B) Help each other with the assignment
(C) Ask a professor to help them
(D) Take some time off to rest
26. (A) The driver's reaction was understandable.
(B) Drinking coffee is not allowed on the bus.
(C) Some of the woman's coffee spilled on the driver.
(D) The driver should not have yelled at the woman.
27. (A) Mary owes money to her parents.
(B) Mary does well because of her parents.
(C) Mary needs more support from her parents.
(D) Mary's parents want her to change schools.
28. (A) Inform the man about the policy
(B) Copy the message for the man
(C) Show the man how to use the copy machine
(D) Call the man after she talks to the students
29. (A) He does not like to borrow money.
(B) He has a lot of money to lend.
(C) He rarely lends money.
(D) He lent ten dollars to the woman.
30. (A) She will not have time to prepare lunch.
(B) She would rather wait until tomorrow to decide.
(C) She does not remember discussing the matter.
(D) She has to cancel her plans to have lunch with the man.
31. (A) Students refuse to listen to his lectures.
(B) Very few students registered for his class.
(C) Students do not seem to understand his lectures.
(D) Too many students failed his class.
32. (A) Musicology
(B) Advanced physics
(C) Film study
(D) Introductory science
33. (A) His students are not really interested in science.
(B) His students are science majors who already know the material.
(C) His students have difficulty understanding English.
(D) His students find the lab work too difficult.
34. (A) She relates ideas to students' outside interests.
(B) She plays music to relax students.
(C) She creates unusual videos of her students.
(D) She applies scientific principles to filmmaking.
35. (A) He feels unqualified to try it.
(B) He wants more information about it.
(C) He has already tried it.
(D) He does not think it will work.
36. (A) What causes blisters on feet
(B) How to stay cool on a hot day
(C) What happened in today's physics class
(D) What is meant by specific heat
37. (A) The cold water
(B) The hot sand
(C) His physics class
(D) His college
38. (A) Its temperature does not change very much from season to season.
(B) Its specific heat is hard to measure.
(C) It takes quite a lot of energy to raise its temperature.
(D) It becomes warmer as it comes in contact with sand.
39. (A) The growth of the American Elm Society
(B) Growing new kinds of elm trees
(C) The importance of elm trees
(D) A problem affecting the American elm
40. (A) Their inability to circulate water
(B) Their increased sensitivity to heat
(C) Low reproductive rates
(D) Heavy pollution in the atmosphere
41. (A) It is damaged by extremely dry weather.
(B) It loses water to stronger trees.
(C) Insects destroy the tree's bark.
(D) Certain beetles introduce a fungus to the tree.
42. (A) By controlling the carriers of the disease
(B) By growing a stronger kind of the elm
(C) By watering infected elm trees
(D) By cutting down all infected elms
43. (A) Why naïve art is so popular today
(B) The influence of French art on American art
(C) Some characteristics of naive American art
(D) The education of naive artists
44. (A) They painted in their spare time.
(B) They lacked formal art training.
(C) They used a more traditional approach to color.
(D) They followed rules established by art schools.
45. (A) They lack bright colors.
(B) They are realistic depictions.
(C) They follow ancient traditions.
(D) They are inferior to French naive paintings.
46. (A) Their works were unsigned.
(B) Many of their works were destroyed.
(C) They never stayed in one place for a long time.
(D) They worked for only a few years.
47. (A) Why American industries grew rapidly in the nineteenth century
(B) How advances in transportation helped American cities develop
(C) Transportation between the cities of the
(D) Great American inventors of the nineteenth century
48. (A) It was no longer possible to keep horses.
(B) It was difficult to find jobs.
(C) They could no longer walk to work.
(D) They had to pay more for their housing.
49. (A) They could be controlled independently.
(B) They were fire resistant.
(C) They could keep operating for a longer period of time.
(D) They offered more room for passengers.
50. (A) It made the subways much quieter.
(B) It brought electric light to the tunnels.
(C) It allowed passengers to breathe cleaner air in the tunnels.